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Mustafa Erbay
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Series

Databases In-Depth

Database internals and production decisions: WAL, indexing, partitioning, isolation levels, MVCC, connection pooling and replication.

16 posts First: April 6, 2026 Latest: June 6, 2026
  1. 1
    Tutorials

    PostgreSQL Performance Optimization

    A guide to speeding up PostgreSQL in production by measuring slow queries, finding root causes with EXPLAIN, designing the right indexes, and maintaining…

  2. 2
    Technology

    Database Connection Pool Saturation and the Latency Feedback Loop

    A practical framework to detect the queue, timeout, and retry loop that emerges when a connection pool clogs, and to intervene safely.

  3. 3
    Technology

    Online Schema Migration: Expand/Contract, Backfill, and Dual Write

    An expand/contract approach for schema changes without downtime, plus backfill strategy, dual-write risks, and a rollback plan.

  4. 4
    Tutorials

    PostgreSQL HA: Failover Runbook with Patroni

    Walks through quorum, replication lag, switchover/failover testing and recovery steps when running PostgreSQL high availability with Patroni, in runbook form.

  5. 5
    Tutorials

    PostgreSQL WAL Archiving and a Point-in-Time Recovery Drill

    A guide to building PostgreSQL PITR practice with production discipline: WAL archiving, recovery time targets and safe restoration steps.

  6. 6
    Career

    Database Sharding Decisions: An Architect's Regrets

    Examine the challenges of database sharding decisions and possible architectural regrets through Mustafa Erbay's eyes. Technical depth and practical advice.

  7. 7
    Technology

    Database Replication Lag: The Invisible Disaster

    Dive deep into the causes, impacts, and strategies to prevent database replication lag, an 'invisible disaster.' Ensure data consistency and...

  8. 8
    Career

    Database Transaction Isolation Levels: Why They Are Always Critical?

    The importance of database transaction isolation levels in real-world applications, the problems I've encountered, and how the right choice impacts my career.

  9. 9
    Tutorials

    Anatomy of Database Index Structures: Fundamentals of Query

    A detailed examination of database index structures (B-tree, GIN, BRIN) and strategies for enhancing query performance. With real-world scenarios and concrete.

  10. 10
    Career

    Database Partitioning Cost: Is It Really Worth It?

    I analyze the benefits and costs of database partitioning. When should you partition, and when should you avoid it? I share my experiences.

  11. 11
    Tutorials

    Vector Database Selection: Balancing Cost and Performance

    Comparing PGVector, Qdrant, and Milvus to reduce memory costs and achieve performance balance in vector search projects.

  12. 12
    Technology

    SQLite vs PostgreSQL: Which One in Production?

    I compare the performance, concurrency, backup, and resource consumption differences of SQLite and PostgreSQL in production environments based on my field.

  13. 13
    Tutorials

    Eventual Consistency vs Strong Consistency: The Right Choice Guide

    Understanding the differences, advantages, disadvantages, and key considerations for making the right choice between eventual consistency and strong.

  14. 14
    Technology

    PostgreSQL MVCC: Common Mistakes in Application Development

    Understanding PostgreSQL's MVCC mechanism is critical for performance and data consistency. Common mistakes and their solutions when developing applications...

  15. 15
    Technology

    ACID Properties: Are They Absolutely Essential for Every Project?

    I examine the role of ACID in database transactions, when it can be compromised, and in which situations it is critical, based on my own experiences.

  16. 16
    Technology

    PostgreSQL WAL Bloat Management: Reclaiming Disk Space in 4 Steps

    How I tackled WAL bloat in PostgreSQL, the practical 4 steps I implemented to reclaim disk space, and critical optimization strategies...